一、注意词汇表达的变通性
在写作中,要适当地选择一些个性张扬、语意丰富、标新立异的词汇。即使用“较高级词汇”(主要是指使用《大纲》上没有的词语)、通过构词变化来的新词、同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见的词语。
如:我们学校位于市中心。
A: Our school is/lies in the center of the city.
B: Our school situates in/is situated in/is locat?鄄ed in the center of the city.
分析:is in/lies in是常见表达,而situates in/is situated in/is located in则是《大纲》上没有的,属于高级词汇。
二、注意句型结构多样化
1. 使用与别人不同的表达方式,特别是打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子。
如:这个地区曾发生过一次大地震。
A: There was a strong earthquake in this area.
B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck this area.
分析:大多数同学喜欢使用there be句型结构,但B句却使用了“主+谓+宾”的句式,且使用了terrible,hit/strike等词汇,使读者读后感到与众不同。
2. 改变句子的语序,实现句子结构多样化。
英语句子的结构顺序一般都是“主+谓+宾+状”。但要使文章显得生动活泼,整个句子读起来跌宕起伏,就可以把一些成分(如状语等)提前于句首,增强书面表达的表现力。
如:她早早起床去赶车。
A: She got up very early to catch the bus.
B: To catch the bus,she got up very early.
3. 使用一些强势句式,如强调句、感叹句、省略句、主从复合句、短语结构等增加语句的表现力。
如:阿福救了我妹妹。(NMET 1993)
A: AhFu saved my sister.(一般句)
B: It was AhFu that saved my sister.(强调句)
4. 句式多样,复杂得体。
在写作中应尽量避免使用同等长度的相同句型,而应注意句式的变化,使长短句相结合,简单句、并列句与复合句共用,还可使用简化句等,做到错落有致,参差和谐,富有音韵美、节律美。一些较复杂的结构如独立主格结构及分词结构也可以使用。
如:这是一套25平方米的住房,住房里面有卧室、洗澡间、厨房;卧室里有床、沙发、桌子和椅子等。(NMET2003)
A: It’s a flat of 25 square meters. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it,too. In the bedroom,there is a bed;There is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well.
B: It’s a flat of 25 square meters,with a bed?鄄room,a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
三、注意文章的连贯性
借用中文文言翻译的“信”“达”“雅”来说,书面表达不同于逐句翻译,如果文章只是将提示进行简单翻译,而不考虑文章前后的连贯性,它依然不是一篇好文章。因此,在准确表达的基础上还要讲求通顺流畅,富有美感。所以需要适当增加细节,使用一些连接词或过渡词,使文章更加充实、美观。下面是一些常用的过渡性词语:
①并列关系:and, as well as, also...
②递进关系:besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more...
③转折关系:but, yet, however, although, oth?鄄erwise, or, in spite of, despite, instead of, in the end...
④时间顺序:while, when, soon, after, before, afterward, finally, first, then, as soon as...
⑤比较或对比:like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand...
⑥总结:in a word, in general, in short, above all, after wall,generally speaking...
⑦进一步阐述:in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance, such as...
⑧因果关系:as a result, thus, therefore, so, because, as...
下面我们以一篇书面表达为例:
说明:某国一代表团来你校访问。假如你是学生会主席,请用英语准备一篇发言稿,将学校情况向外宾作一介绍。
1. 学校概况:位于市中心,教师300人,学生约4000人。
2. 开设课程:语、数、英等十多门课,学校自己编写的《学会生存》(Learning to Live)深受学生喜爱。
3. 学校设施:配有现代化理化生实验室,办公室和教室可随时上网(surf the Internet);学生阅览室和图书馆每天开放。
4. 其他:每学期学校至少开一次运动会。
注意:开头已写好,请接着往下写;词数100左右。
Ladies and gentlemen,
I’m very glad to have the honor...
书面表达范文:
Ladies and gentlemen:
I’m very glad to have the honor to introduce our school to you.
Our school is located in the center of our city, with more than 300 teachers and 4000 students, over ten subjects such as Chinese, Maths and English are taught in our school. And“Learning to Live”, which has been written by our school, is most popular among us students. The school owns modern physics, chemistry and biology labs. You can surf the Internet in any office and classroom any time you like and a reading room as well as a library is open for us students every day. The sport meeting is held once every term at least. Our school is excellent. I hope you’ll have a good time here.
That’s all. Thank you.
评析:本文属发言稿一类的书面表达,是高考常考形式之一。范文要点全面,结构层次分明,连贯性强,在语言的使用上用了be located in,as well as, and,which, such as, be popular among sb.,have a good time等词和短语,堪称“亮点”。使用了多种复杂句式,如which引导非限制性定语从句,any time(that)引导状语从句,I hope that宾语从句等,长短句结合。
总之,要想使自己的文章有亮点,吸引读者,在考试中获得高分,就应在用词、造句或文章的连贯性上下功夫,哪怕是有一处特长都是文章的“亮”点,都是值得肯定的。