虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。它是中学英语课本中经常出现的一种语言现象，但对中国学生来说，却是一个难点。笔者根据自己的教学实践，对高中阶段常见的各种虚拟语气的运用情况作了一个大致的小结，并分别举例说明。 1. 表示假设(If) eg. If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him. 如果我昨天来这，我就已经见到他了。 2. 表示祝愿（常用“May+动词原形”） eg. May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ 3. I wish + (that) 宾语从句 If only 要是……该有多好 eg. I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只小鸟。 He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。 If only I could pass the examination. 要是我能通过考试该有多好。 If only we had 1,000,000 dollar! 要是我们有100万美元该有多好! 4. but for, without, otherwise等 eg. But for your help, I would have failed. 要不是你的帮助，我已经失败了。 Without air, nothing could live. 要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。 He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. 他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。 5. 一个坚持insist；两个命令order，command；三个建议suggest，advise，propose；四个要求demand，require，request，ask。 (1)动词 + (that) 宾语从句 eg. He demands that this (should) be done at once. 他命令要马上做这件事情。 I suggest that the job (should) be finished next week. 我建议下周完成这项工作。 注意：当insist表示“坚持说、认为”，suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气。 eg. The look on his face suggested that he was satisfied with what I had done for him.他脸上的表情表明他对我为他所做的事情感到满意。 He insisted that he was honest. 他坚持说他是诚实的。 (2)在上述动词相应的名词，如 order，command，suggestion, advice, proposal, requirement等后接that表语从句、同位语从句中。 eg. My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once. 我的建议是我们立刻去那儿。 It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad. 我提议派他去国外进一步学习。 (3)It’s+上述动词的过去分词+ that ．．．（should）．．． eg. It’s suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建议会议应该被推迟。 It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.要求所有人不要在此抽烟。 6. It is (about,high) time that ... sb did sth或sb should do sth （注意should不能省略） eg. It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now. 现在正是我回家的时间了。 7. as if/as though eg. It looks as if it were going to rain.（虚拟）天看上去好像要下雨。（事实上不下雨） It looks as if it is going to rain.（陈述）天看上去好像要下雨。（确实快下雨了） 8. would rather＋从句 eg. I would rather you went there instead of me. 我情愿你代我去那儿。 — Would you mind my smoking here? — I’d rather you didn’t. — 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ — 我情愿你不要。 9. 部分情态动词＋have done，表示“本……” 如：should/ought to/could/might等＋have done eg. You should have arrived here earlier. 你本该早点到这来。（事实上来晚了） I could have worked out the problem.我本能够解决这个问题的。（事实上没解决） 10. It’s +形容词或名词+ that．．．（should）．．． 用于该句型的形容词常见的有：necessary, impor-tant, natural, strange, surprising等；常见的名词如：a pity，no wonder等。 eg. It is important that you (should) learn English well. 对你来说，学好英语是非常重要的。 It is quite natural that he (should) think so. 他这样想也是很自然的。 It is strange that so wise a man (should) make such silly mistakes. 真是奇怪，如此聪明之人竟会犯如此愚蠢之错误。
